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عمومی::
تعادل-بهینهسازی
The same optimization-equilibrium reasoning underlies the models that try to formalize Schumpeterian competition within an optimization-equilibrium framework, in which innovations arrive in a random sequence introduced by representa- tive firms endowed with perfect rationality and information (Aghion and Howitt, 1992; cf Fagerberg, (2003:153) and Caree and Thurik (2003:454) for a review).
Allowing imperfect competition and increas- ing returns due to knowledge spillovers does not change the basic optimization-equilibrium framework, because firms are driven by profit maximization to capture potential monopoly rents, and equilibrium is reached once competitors enter the market and make the innovation obsolete till a new wave of R&D starts.
Nelson and Winter (1982) criticize the optimization-equilibrium mechanical foundations of neoclassical economics and replace it with a natural selection-evolutionary biology framework.
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